The phenotype of a newborn with diabetic fetopathy

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GSD) is a disease characterized by moderate hyperglycemia, first detected during pregnancy and does not meet the criteria for «manifest» diabetes mellitus (DM).

The aim of the sudy was to determine the main criteria for the diagnosis of the "diabetic fetopathy" symptom complex, and to establish the frequency of these criteria in newborns born to women with diabetes.

Material and methods. The retrospective study included 1579 pregnant women aged 21 to 42, who had diabetes and had given birth to children between 2014 and 2017. We analyzed medical documentation.

Results. 53.6% newborns had various problems of neonatal period, and 12 children were diagnosed with diabetic fetopathy (0.76%). Compensation for DM during pregnancy can explain the low incidence of diabetic fetopathy in the group of children born to these mothers. Most often, the diagnosis of diabetic fetopathy was in children from mothers with GSD (11 out of 12 children). The frequency of diabetic fetopathy in children did not depend on the age of the mothers.

Conclusion. Morbidity and mortality in newborns can be reduced by carefully monitoring blood glucose levels throughout pregnancy, as well as at the planning stage.

Keywords:diabetic fetopathy, diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinism, newborns

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interests. The author declare no conflict of interests.

For citation: Miroshnik E.V., Ryumina I.I., Orbu A.M., Narogan M.V., Alekseev A.A. The phenotype of a newborn with diabetic fetopathy. Neonatologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Neonatology: News, Opinions, Training]. 2020; 8 (4): 28-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2308-2402-2020-8-4-28-32 (in Russian)

References

1. NICE guideline (NG3).Diabetes in pregnancy: management frompreconception to the postnatal period 2008 (last update 2015). URL:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng3 (date of access September 18,2016)

2. Gryaznova I.M., Vtorova V.G. Diabetes and pregnancy. Moscow: Meditsina, 1985: 207 p. (in Russian)

3. Dreval’ A.T., Shestakova T.P., Bunak I.V. Application of modern approaches to the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in the Moscow region. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal [Russian Medical Journal]. 2015; (8): 464–6. (in Russian)

4. Smetanina S.A., Suplotova L.A., Bel’chikova L.N., Novakovskaya N.A. Prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in women of the Far North during gestation. In: Materials of the V All-Russian Diabetological Congress. Moscow, 2010: 462 p. (in Russian)

5. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas. Brussels,2015.

6. Webber J., Charlton M., Johns N. Diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period (NG3). Br J Diabetes. 2015; 15 (3): 107–11.

7. Nankervis A., et al. ADIPS Consensus Guidelines for the testing and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia. Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society, 2012.

8. Sacks D.A., et al. Frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus at collaborating centers based on IADPSG consensus panel – recommended criteria the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (HAPO) study. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35 (3): 526–8.

9. Ferrara A. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus a public health perspective. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30 (2): S141-6.

10. Cheung N.W., Byth K. Population health significance of gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26 (7): 2005-9.

11. Dedov I.I., Krasnopol’skiy VI., Sukhikh G.T., et al. Russian national consensus «Gestational diabetes mellitus: diagnosis, treatment, postpartum follow-up». Sakharniy diabet [Diabetes Mellitus]. 2012; (4): 4-10. (in Russian)

12. Petrov Yu.A., Ozdoeva I.M.-B., Sultygova L.A Features of the gestational period and its outcomes in diabetes mellitus. Mezhdunarodniy zhurnal prikladnikh i fundamental’nikh issledovaniy [International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Researches]. 2019; (5): 93-7. (in Russian)

13. Kulakov VI. (ed.). Obstetrics and gynecology. Clinical guidelines. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2006: 538 p. (in Russian)

14. Ezutagan S.G. Perinatal asphyxia: materials of the conference "Primary and resuscitation care for newborns in the delivery room. Results of implementing the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia No. 372. Problems Development prospects". Samara, 2000. (in Russian)

15. Volodin N.N. (ed.). Neonatology. National leadership. Moscow, 2008: 749 p. (in Russian)

16. Hillier T.A., Pedula K.L., Schmidt M.M., Mullen J.A., Charles M.A., Pettitt D.J. Childhood obesity and metabolic imprinting: the ongoing effects of maternal hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30 (9): 2287-92.

17. Borovik N.V., Tiselko A.V., Arzhanova O.N., Kapustin R.V., Potin V.V., Androsova N.E. Results of using new criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney [Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases]. 2015; 64 (4): 21-5. (in Russian)

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)

CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Degtyarev Dmitriy Nikolaevich
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Research of the V.I. Kulakov Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology National Medical Research Center of Ministry of Healthсаre of the Russian Federation, Head of the Chair of Neonatology at the Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Chairman of the Ethics Committee of the Russian Society of Neonatologists, Moscow, Russian Federation

ORCID iD 0000-0001-8975-2425

Journals of «GEOTAR-Media»