Association of the PPARA gene polymorphism with gestational age in low birth weight infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Currently, perinatal programming is being discussed in the context of the adverse effects of hyperglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal growth, fetal macrosomia is the most common complication of this disease. The polymorphism of genes associated with diabetes mellitus has been described, including during pregnancy, but there are practically no data on the effect of these genetic factors on the fetus. The role of polymorphism of genes, involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and affecting fetal formation is relevant, since it can explain the relationship between birth weight, maternal diabetes mellitus and the later obesity in a child. The study group consisted of 90 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and their newborn babies, 71 babies were born corresponding to the gestational age, 4 large babies, 15 babies were born underweight by the gestational age. Diagnosis and treatment of women with diabetes was carried out in strict accordance with the Russian national consensus on the management of patients with GDM (2012). It was found that the genotypic frequency of the C allele of the rs4253778 polymorphic locus of the PPARA gene was significantly higher in the group of children born with normal body weight and large-weight by the gestational age, and amounted to 20.7%, compared with the group of low birth-weight children by the gestational age - 3.3% (p=0.023). The data obtained indicate the important role of the fetal genotype in the formation of the mass-growth parameters of the child with diabetes mellitus in the mother. The mother's genotype did not have such a significant effect on the birth of a small baby. In the observed group, the frequency of birth of large-weight children was significantly less than that of low-birth-weight, which, apparently, reflects the effectiveness of pregnancy management tactics. At the same time, taking into account the association of alley C with obesity, and its protective role in the development of microsomia, it is necessary to pay attention to infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus, even if their birth weight appropriate for gestation age.

Keywords:gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal macrosomia, fetal macrosomia, hyperglycemia, newborns, genotyping, polymorphisms

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Miroschnik E.V., Ryumina 1.1., Donnikov A.E. Association of the PPARA gene polymorphism with gestational age in low birth weight infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus. Neonatologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Neonatology: News, Opinions, Training]. 2021; 9 (3): 23-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2308-2402-2021-9-3-23-30 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITOR
CHIEF EDITOR
Degtyarev Dmitriy Nikolaevich
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific Research of the V.I. Kulakov Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology National Medical Research Center of Ministry of Healthсаre of the Russian Federation, Head of the Chair of Neonatology at the Clinical Institute of Children's Health named after N.F. Filatov, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Chairman of the Ethics Committee of the Russian Society of Neonatologists, Moscow, Russian Federation

ORCID iD 0000-0001-8975-2425

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