REFERENCES
1. Eichenwald E.C., Committee on Fetus and Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics. Apnea of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2016; 137: 1–7.
2. Henderson-Smart D.J., De Paoli A.G. Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 12: CD000140.
3. Miao Y., Zhou Y., Zhao S., Liu W., Wang A., Zhang Y., et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in treating apnea of prematurity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022; 17 (9): e0274882.
4. Zhao J., Gonzalez F., Mu D. Apnea of prematurity: from cause to treatment. Eur J Pediatr. 2011; 170: 1097–105.
5. Doyle J., Davidson D., Katz S., Varela M., Demeglio D., DeCristofaro J. Apnea of prematurity and caffeine pharmacokinetics: potential impact on hospital discharge. J Perinatol. 2016; 36 (2): 141–4.
6. Gray P.H., Flenady V.J., Charles B.G., Steer P.A., Caffeine Collaborative Study. G. Caffeine citrate for very preterm infants: effects on development, temperament and behavior. J Paediatr Child Health. 2011; 47: 167–72.
7. Sweet D.G., Carnielli V.P., Greisen G., Hallman M., Klebermass-Schrehof K., Ozek E., et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology. 2023; 120 (1): 3–23.
8. Kuzemko J.A., Paala J. Apnoeic attacks in the newborn treated with aminophylline. Arch Dis Child. 1973; 48 (5): 404–6.
9. Aranda J.V., Gorman W., Bergsteinsson H., Gunn T. Efficacy of caffeine in treatment of apnea in the low-birth-weight infant. J Pediatr. 1977; 90 (3): 467–72.
10. Mitenko P.A., Ogilvie R.I. Rational intravenous doses of theophylline. N Engl J Med. 1973; 289 (12): 600–3.
11. Aranda J.V., Cook C.E., Gorman W., et al. Pharmacokinetic profile of caffeine in the premature newborn infant with apnea. J Pediatr. 1979; 94 (4): 663–8.
12. Erenberg A., Leff R.D., Haack D.G., Mosdell K.W., Hicks G.M., Wynne B.A. Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pharmacotherapy. 2000; 20 (6): 644–52.
13. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [Electronic resource]. NDA 20-793/S-001. 2000. URL: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20793s1lbl.pdf (date of accessed: 17.02.2023).
14. European Medicines Agency – Peyona (caffeine citrate). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/peyona-previously-nymusa. Accessed 10/1/2020.
15. Kreutzer K., Bassler D. Caffeine for apnea of prematurity: a neonatal success story. Neonatology. 2014; 105: 332e6.
16. Myers J.P., Johnson D.A., McVey D.E. Caffeine in the modulation of brain function. In: Gupta B.S., Gupta U., eds. Caffeine and behavior: current views and research trends. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press LLC, 1999: 17–30.
17. Shrestha B., Jawa G. Caffeine citrate – Is it a silver bullet in neonatology? Pediatr Neonatol. 2017; 58 (5): 391–7.
18. Dobson N.R., Hunt C.E. Pharmacology review: caffeine use in neonates: indications, pharmacokinetics, clinical effects, outcomes. Neoreviews. 2013; 14: 540–50.
19. al-Alaiyan S., al-Rawithi S., Raines D. et al. Caffeine metabolism in premature infants. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001; 41: 620–7.
20. Pons G., Rey E., Carrier O., et al. Maturation of AFMU excretion in infants. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1989; 3: 589–95.
21. Pacifici G.M. Clinical pharmacology of caffeine citrate in preterm infants. Medical Express. 2014; 1: 243–50.
22. Natarajan G., Lulic-Botica M., Aranda J.V. Clinical pharmacology of caffeine in the newborn. Neoreviews. 2007; 8: 214–21.
23. Comer AM, Perry CM, Figgitt DP. Caffeine citrate: a review of its use in apnoea of prematurity. Pediatr Drugs. 2001; Vol.3: 61-79.
24. Aldridge A., Aranda J.V., Neims A.H. Caffeine metabolism in the newborn. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1979; 25 (4): 447–53.
25. Burg A.W. Physiological disposition of caffeine. Drug Metab Rev. 1975; 4 (2): 199–228.
26. Aranda J.V., Beharry K.D. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism of caffeine in newborns. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020; 25 (6): 101183.
27. Supcun S., Kutz P., Pielemeier W., et al. Caffeine increases cerebral cortical activity in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2010; 156 (3): 490–1.
28. Hassanein S.M.A., Gad G.I., Ismail R.I.H., et al. Effect of caffeine on preterm infants’ cerebral cortical activity: an observational study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015; 28 (17): 2090–5.
29. Williams E.E., Hunt K.A., Jeyakara J., Subba-Rao R., Dassios T., Greenough A. Electrical activity of the diaphragm following a loading dose of caffeine citrate in ventilated preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2020; 87 (4): 740–4.
30. Ulanovsky I., Haleluya N.S., Blazer S., Weissman A. The effects of caffeine on heart rate variability in newborns with apnea of prematurity. J Perinatol. 2014; 34 (8): 620–3.
31. Chavez-Valdez R., Wills-Karp M., Ahlawat R., Cristofalo E.A., Nathan A., Gauda E.B. Caffeine modulates TNF-alpha production by cord blood monocytes: the role of adenosine receptors. Pediatr Res. 2009; 65: 203–8.
32. Chavez-Valdez R., Ahlawat R., Wills-Karp M., Gauda E.B. Mechanisms of modulation of cytokine release by human cord blood monocytes exposed to high concentrations of caffeine. Pediatr Res. 2016; 80: 101–9.
33. Chavez-Valdez R., Ahlawat R., Wills-Karp M., Nathan A., Ezell T., Gauda E.B. Correlation between serum caffeine levels and changes in cytokine profile in a cohort of preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2011; 158: 57–64.
34. Schmidt B., Roberts R.S., Davis P., et al. Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354 (20): 2112–21.
35. Schmidt B., Roberts R.S., Davis P., et al. Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357 (19): 1893–902.
36. Moschino L., Zivanovic S., Hartley C., Trevisanuto D., Baraldi E., Roehr C.C. Caffeine in preterm infants: where are we in 2020? ERJ Open Res. 2020; 6 (1): 00330–2019.
37. Dani C., Cecchi A., Ciarcià M., Miselli F., Luzzati M., Remaschi G., et al. Enteral and parenteral treatment with caffeine for preterm infants in the delivery room: A Randomised Trial. Paediatr Drugs. 2023; 25 (1): 79–86.
38. Koch G., Datta A.N., Jost K., Schulzke S.M., van den Anker J., Pfister M. Caffeine citrate dosing adjustments to assure stable caffeine concentrations in preterm neonates. J Pediatr. 2017; 191: 50–6.
39. Francart S.J., Allen M.K., Stegall-Zanation J. Apnea of prematurity: caffeine dose optimization. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 18 (1): 45–52.
40. Saroha V., Patel R.M. Caffeine for preterm infants: Fixed standard dose, adjustments for age or high dose?Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020; 25 (6): 101178.
41. Li X.L., Cai Y.J., Zhang Z., Li J., Chen X.W., Song Y.Y., et al. Effect of different maintenance doses of caffeine citrate on ventilator weaning in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2021; 23 (11): 1097–102.
42. Katheria A.C., Sauberan J.B., Akotia D., Rich W., Durham J., Finer N.N. A pilot randomized controlled trial of early versus routine caffeine in extremely premature infants. Am J Perinatol. 2015; 32: 879–86.
43. Borszewska-Kornacka M.K., Hożejowski R., Rutkowska M., Lauterbach R. Shifting the boundaries for early caffeine initiation in neonatal practice: Results of a prospective, multicenter study on very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (12): e0189152.
44. Eichenwald E.C. National and international guidelines for neonatal caffeine use: Are they evidenced-based? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020; 25 (6): 101177.
45. Ilhan O., Bor M. Effects of caffeine on splanchnic oxygenation in preterm infants. Am J Perinatol. 2021; 38 (10): 1062–9.
46. Rhein L.M., Dobson N.R., Darnall R.A., et al. Effects of caffeine on intermittent hypoxia in infants born prematurely: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168: 250–7.
47. Poets C.F., Roberts R.S., Schmidt B. et al. Association between intermittent hypoxemia or bradycardia and late death or disability in extremely preterm infants. JAMA. 2015; 314: 595–603.
48. Kumar V.H.S., Lipshultz S.E. Caffeine and clinical outcomes in premature neonates. Children. 2019; 6: E118.
49. Schmidt B., Anderson P.J., Doyle L.W., et al. Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. JAMA. 2012; 307 (3): 275–82.
50. Schmidt B., Roberts R.S., Anderson P.J., et al. Academic performance, motor function, and behavior 11 years after neonatal caffeine citrate therapy for apnea of prematurity: An 11-year follow-up of the CAP randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2017; 171 (6): 564–72.
51. Harer M.W., Askenazi D.J., Boohaker L.J., Carmody J.B., Griffin R.L., et al. Neonatal Kidney Collaborative (NKC). Association between early caffeine citrate administration and risk of acute kidney injury in preterm neonates: Results from the AWAKEN Study. JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172 (6): e180322.
52. American Regent, Inc. Caffeine Citrate [cited 6/6/17]. Available from: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d17e3be5-514f-454a-8347-d804cd5ec37f.
53. Puia-Dumitrescu M., Smith P.B., Zhao J., Soriano A., et al.; Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act-Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee. Dosing and safety of off-label use of caffeine citrate in premature infants. J Pediatr. 2019; 211: 27–32.
54. Stoll B.J., Hansen N.I., Bell E.F., Shankaran S., Laptook A.R., Walsh M.C., et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010; 126: 443–56.
55. Horbar J.D., Carpenter J.H., Badger G.J., Kenny M.J., Soll R.F., Morrow K.A., et al. Mortality and neonatal morbidity among infants 501 to 1500 grams from 2000 to 2009. Pediatrics. 2012; 129: 1019–26.